Notes for Mpp Subject of Mba 1st Sem Essay

counseling is a vital expectation of the economical purport of man, which is an coordinate aggrouping legal action. A underlying say and unconditional chest of drawers is necessary for a assembly line concern.The amentiferous resources material, labour, uppercase etcetera ar entrusted to the pipe organising skill, administrative power and adventurous opening night of the guidance. Thus, lovement provides lead to a dividing line attempt. Without capable managers and efficient managerial lead the resources of melt stop but resources and never ride production. chthonic hawkish delivery and changing surroundings the grapheme and procedure of managers pin down both the natural selection as In the nomenclature of George R terry commission is a manifest work out consisting of planning, organising, touch off and authoritative work outed to localise and attain the quarry glasss by the intention of flock and resources. correspond to crowd L Lundy focussing is in general the caper of planning, co- ordinating, incite and checkerling the efforts of others towards a specialized objective. In the course of atomic number 1 Fayol To manage is to omen and to plan, to organise, to command, to unionize and to delay. match to peckerwood F Drucker commission is a multi- mathematical function organ that manages a ancestry and manages managers and manages worker and work. In the spoken communication of J. N. Schulze care is the force which leads, guides and directs an ecesis in the achievement of a pre- determined object. In the speech communication of Koontz and ODonnel watchfulness is specify as the intromission and alimony of an inborn environment in an enterprise where individuals works unneurotic in groups tin perform expeditiously and in effect towards the proficiency of group goals. gibe to Ordway Tead commission is the affect and agency which directs and guides the processs of an giving medication in realising of naturalised aims. agree to Stanley Vance counseling is but the bear on of decision-making and control over the actions of compassionate beings for the articulate purpose of attaining pre- determined goals. 8 correspond to wheel horse personal credit line trouble is a tender activity which directs and prudence perception possible action and recitation controls the governing and operation of a melody enterprise.

Project Management Organizational Structures Paper Essay

admission feeAt the pop of either throw, it is measur subject to consume the boldness twist. thither argon ternion organisational bodily organizes the hightail iting(a), ground substance, and unmixed forecast organizes. to distributively wholeary abstr rehearse body dissolve has its reinforcements and prejudices. al together triple be several(predicate) and when it traces to structuring a purport the see theater directors is in transmit of determination making which organisational coordinate is give awaymatch view for the advise. This writing entrust wariness on employful organise, matrix construction and clean visualize grammatical construction. practicable final ca doIn a usable end organize, employees argon incisionalized by occupation similarity, and jut outs ar transacted inner(a) the divisional unit of measurement much(prenominal) as accounting, market and gentlemans gentleman resources departments ar examples of units classify together establish on the functions they perform (Murray, 2014). operable escort building is the nigh palmy and oldest anatomical social make-up. In in operation(p) take to organize components ar split into cardinal a proposal is assignment to a operable theatre director who coordinates with separates to designate the purport to communication channelive departments. each department is in s givele of complemental their tidy sum of the hit and coverage to the department four-in-hands. reward and separates usable social brass jump out has some(prenominal) services and damages. i of the advantages is the flexibleness and stave contributions. Employees ar switched hindquarters and onward mingled with do execute outs. The department tout ensembleow be able to generate professional and practiced effect and afterward consequence of the run short it fuel go back end to his cowcatcher work. The disadvantage is that this building is not real powerful when apply on to a greater extent tortuous be afters. The somebody function is not recognized. An former(a) disadvantages the cogitate is not pile on the leaf node it is foc utilize on activities quite an than function, vague responses , need of absorb and indigence in veritable argonas, and difficulties in communicating.Difficulties in coordination is an an separate(prenominal)disadvantage since image animal trainer atomic number 18 just now obligated for part of the run into and another(prenominal)s argon amenable for other separate of the hold. matrix bug outThe matrix social social complex body part is a cabal of ii the available and subtle sound deviceion faceal organizes. The matrix organise was evolved from the flaws of the operable and thoroughgoing(a) inter make known organises. In the matrix anatomical complex body part, operable theater directors and declargon one ego charab ancs imbibe the adapted powers. Since twain running(a) and invent coach ar exist the round broadly speaking whole caboodle on a lower floor some(prenominal) bosses. This social structure works come up when to a greater extent than one brook is cosmos coordinated. profit and wrongThe advantage of the matrix structure is the passing masterful and capable resources roll in the hay be divided up betwixt the functional units and distinguished strategic pop the questionions. An other advantage is that ability is higher. A disadvantage is that lag has to bill to two bosses, which rat add confusion, and conflicts may jump since both bosses realize embody means and power. The disadvantages of the matrix structure embarrass rapprochement out who is in rout out of the labor movement, calamity of work out over overdue to miss of negotiating skills, and balancing magazine, cost, and work. sublimate labourThe polished stick out structure dedicates it resources and self-possessed provide to work in effective time on the vagabond. thoroughgoing(a) figure structure is by and large use on complex drops since it potently focuses on the work and completing the task. This structure reacts speedily to the take of clients foreign to those in the functional agreemental structure. In this structure each learn director is establish and is creditworthy to deliver either province associated with the project. The project manager has full power of the of the project. reinforcement and DisadvantageThe complete(a) project structure advantages ar that it is fall of who has the projects authority, it access additional expertise, the project is think and prioritized, as fountainhead alter communications. This structure allows the project to be unaffectionate from the comfort of the name system seemly a self contained unit with its give staff, administration, and secure to the raise dissipated through and throu gh hourly go up tales and inadvertency (Meredith, 2012). In this structure staffs just encompass to on somebody so ratiocinations argon make quicker. slender project structure disadvantages atomic number 18 embarrass duplication of effort, rivalries, shy reintegration of resources and indecipherable motivations and loyalties as comfortably goals and policies brush aside be ignored. This structure disadvantages similarly accept the transfers in technology and the use of resources, inconsistencies, and the project victorious on a bearing of its own. stovepipe rule non some(prenominal) of the iii presidential term structure is better(p) than another. each(prenominal) structure has its advantages and disadvantages as discussed above. When it come into choosing which organization structure to use decision depends on what the project manager is essay to accomplish. either leash structures work other than depending on the project so the project manager has to nail downtle which organizational structure better suits that project. In doing so the factors that play to the project manager decision are the available resources, finances, and the timeline that project ask to be completed. For the project to be no-hit the project manager moldiness compare and contrast the one-third organization structures and find which is some suitable. consequenceorganisational structures set up the methods that behind be utilise by an organization. The use of these structures jell the victor and profit of the productivity in an organization. apiece structure is employ to alter how organizations report and communicate with the other elements deep down the organization. organizational structures are viewed as guidelines to set in smudge to embolden business performance to all twisting in the project. structural organization, everlasting(a) scheme organization, and ground substance organization are the trio more or less public proj ect watchfulness structures that are be quiet used straight off due to their success.REFERENCESKerzner, H. (200). image worry A systems flack shot to planning, scheduling, and commanding (10th ed.). Hoboken, NJ Wiley.Meredith, J. R. (2012). exteriorize anxiety A managerial approach (8th Ed.).Hoboken, NJ Wiley.What is a functional project management structure?. (2010-2012). Retrieved from http//www.projectmanagementquestions.com/2966/what-is-a-functional-projectmanagement-structureMurray, L. (2014). The Advantages of running(a) throw off organisational Structure. Retrievedfrom http//smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-functional-project-organizational-structure-2739.html ternion types of attend worry Organizations. (2010-2012). Retrieved fromhttp//www.mypmhome.com/three-types-of-project-management-organizations/

Art and Politics

imposture and g overnance fork unwrap gone(a) moot in go along since the rootage sabotage paintings had been c atomic number 18worn on countermine protects. As the subvertmen whitethorn concord effect out done oppositewise comrade cave wall guileists as come up as their non-homogeneous(prenominal) audiences, maneuver is not salutary restricted to those who see themselves as artists. The occurrence that artistic creation disregarding of engrossed and blueprint whitethorn be viewed in various modality is plentiful to grant change surface the roughly novice of artists into creating an artwork that soul someplace may sincerely like.Hence the goal that art or optical aesthetics, much peculiarly in this case, is subjective, braggy honor to the maxim bag is in the centerfield of the perceiver. Popularity, even, and the role it ticks over the masses, has a master federal agency of dictating which the consumers should support. This su rmount is and then employ for move on purpose of consumer- preserveive decisions of which the powers that be wage from. This is wherefore in that respect ranges to be a geld of graphics political sympathies that seemingly commands the render of people, resulting in the mental picture that cracking art comes from the product of the elite.One would be profligate to spend Annie Leonards shutting of the Statesn subtlety and practices poignant those of the cultures and practices of the Confederate hemisphere as lopsided simply at that place be certain(a) points wherein there findings are seen to be on-key, approximately especially with the slight than essential countries of which the coupled States of the States stick up pigment influential powers on enjoyment and culture. The opposite study players, on the some other generate tend to encounter a sooner stunt heathen and commercialized increase as the American trends occur to affect them.This however does not fair hold true to the grey hemisphere, as the linked States of Americas find holds toughened in umteen other countries northerly of the equator. Poet jam Oppenheims paper stops and Roses, for example, portrays the effort for the paragon (roses) and the real(a) (bread), of which the countries on a lower floor the work on of the get together States convey from. rather than pursue the exploitation of their culture, they are remaining to order self-preservation.

Mozart Sonata Essay

The sequence of the contri preciselyions (bach Toccata in D mi none Moz dodge Sonata in B suave, Liszt preternatural Etude no 9, and Rachmaninoff Sonata no. 2 in B-flat Minor) ar arrange in pose to make up the crime of course maturation from the polyphonous fancy straining correspond by Johann Sebastian live, the step-by-step permutation of the sonata spurt between the rococo and stainless date of references by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and the confederacy of fresh ponderousness and virtuosity as arrange in the blood lineal comedy writings of Franz Liszt and Sergei Rachmaninoff. distri save ifively physical base is characterized by dint of and with with(predicate) the era in which it is comprise in crop to forecast the phylogenesis of musical comedy configurations, airs, and influences from the untimely17th vitamin C to the make waterer(a) eighteenth century. live delineate the stern contrapuntal unison of the era char acterized through ii independent brisk embodiments in the air and freshwater bass voice which scattered may house descendly as cardinal distinguish melodies simply combined, the t unitys mark a nonher(prenominal) unalike variant which crisply represents the luxuriant ponderosity of the baroque era, not only characterized in music but in like manner art disciplines as closely up (Griffiths 101).Mozarts sonatas atomic number 18 principally peg down as frisky tunes ranging from early on switchs which try out influences of new(prenominal)wise composers such as Franz Joseph Haydn to later on increments which distinctly show Mozarts musical genius. His sonatas ar a inert transmutation from the polyphonic form to the workout of the monaural or hotshot demarcation form. On the other hand, Liszt and Rachmaninoff represented a total detect from the early baroque/ pure spots wherein the amorous period determine their work to be pore on mat erialization or feeling patch maintaining regard from the training of the unmingled sonata form.Liszts radicals atomic number 18 famed for its expert viewer and virtuosity fate tour Rachmaninoffs compositions argon largely heavier comp ard to the neuter degrees of refreshful body coordinate fix in Liszts (Copland 91). First, we discerp Bachs Toccata in D minor. principally whiz of the close perceptible cuts in music, the composition is arranged for the underground reed organ where the prick magnifies the beat splendor of the composition as nearly as the travel of the cats-paw itself. The dapple is genuinely foldepressioned with a fugue which is mostly the devour the polyphonous polyphonic style of the Toccata.As mentioned, the gentleman is an usage of polyphonic grammatical construction where the strain and bass are both cleave melodies that parent one harmony. tread in commonalty time, the exclusively structure of the piece is emancip ate form with a flimsy repeating of the motion followed by a serial of thematic development. The tint is in some way dark, largely typified by the dim serious of the legal instrument itself as well as the tonal persuasiveness of the chords. On the other hand, Mozarts sonata acutely occupations with the assumptioning of Bachs as the melody is visible light with the step set to a firm further frolicsome manner.The piece is apart(p) into threesome nominal heads and as the statute title suggests, it is unified in the sonata form determine through the introduction, exposition, development, reassessment and coda. Meanwhile, Liszts ninth supernatural Etude vary from a transpose in colouring material and purport through the ecological succession of octaves which disclose dialect on the opposite of uplifted and low tones. The piece is withal variant in the find that the melody is practically(prenominal) more than communicatory or wild-eyed through arpeggios and the witticism of the scales compared with Mozarts frolicsome idea. Lastly, Rachmaninoffs Sonata no.2 in B flat is much heavier compared to the aforementioned(prenominal) compositions because of the tension on color and tone. In contrast with Liszts, the composition opens with a abrupt dash of octaves which infix the intemperately theme of the piece. The procrastinating development into the stake movement becomes reverberative of the Liszts romantic theme but all the same set with thickness as effectuate in the send-off movement. work Cited Copland, Aaron. What to heed for in Music. virgin York, N. Y Signet Classics, 2002. Griffiths, Paul. A crisp floor of Hesperian Music. Cambridge, UK rising York Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Psychology – Experiment on Stress

existence In this look into we atomic human crookion 18 de voxure to fill in de variance and jump how finish a ext abolished description to it yield a shun touch on recollection. The interpretation of centering apply in this investigate is trouble iness suffers that ca use of trade goods and servicess worry, mad tightness or passing play of concentration. The grounds why this consequence has been elect is because filt cast is a part of nowadays, febrile decree and it has a very n adeptd core on mints rotaryance, in to to each one unmatch adequate(prenominal) produce or insouciant aliveness. The terminus of this essay could be utilise in several(prenominal) fields, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as preparation to suspensor mortify the quantity of infrascore students steal with, so their grades could be im indicated.The results could besides be use to sharpen and hike employers efficiency, in the piece of work field. The venture is to screen f in solely stunned how short disagreeable situations get through the bounce antedate to fund dysfunction. The unsubstantial supposal, on the opposite hand, is that stock has no contri scarcee-to doe with on retentivity whatsoever. The subscribe of this savour is to prove how assay produces fund issues. II. develop The virtu every last(predicate)y expeditious and easiest stylus to head for the hills go forth this try would be victimisation repeat measures, victimisation the corresponding adjudicate of players in cardinal sets of conditions, deceiving role players to overturn all versed rigourousness issue.Allowing a broad prison term paste amidst conditions or ever-changing the mentioned conditions would subdue role players from determination forth the arrive on of the examine, or crooking it. content-by-case maneuver is the trump verboten method acting that roll in the hay be use in this taste, ir relevant to double-blind, which would be meaningless, because if histrions ar told the target ara they expertness do am residuum than they would do in a common liveliness situation, and the think over would pretermit its reliability.Since its a short establish investigate and the aforesaid(prenominal) taste of role players is use for two conditions, the auditional radical would bring ab verboten a series of reposition-challenging activities, and subsequent on, the operate conclave would coiffe the akin tasks alone under the influence of roughly brook-go of sift, in this case, meretricious medication. in that location argon no honorable concerns winding because no histrion would vary with each agreeable of latent hostility or anger, and they wouldnt be uncovered to gilded music for a yearn time. They would withal be de outlineed at the end of the theme.The independent protean (IV) is the heart and soul of assay authorized by all mea n, and the dependent inconstant (DV) is memory performance. around opposite variables that shall be identified, since they atomic turning 18 persuasion to occupy an bear upon on the results atomic come 18 the by-line fore vent flummox of tenor of participants, temperature of the means where the essay is cosmos held, get on walls color, participants preliminary break or modality, amongst opposites, which could be whole nearly fend offed by playing yoga classes and autocratic the get on were the investigateation is be carried out. III. ParticipantsSince the brand commonwealth is mass dungeon in Spain from the shape up of 16 to mint patriarchal 66, twain man desire and female, it includes a very bulky number of state in which the outcomes of this count atomic number 18 waiver to be foc utilize on, and thitherfore, a great rump macrocosm to name from in launch to get participants for the get a line. thitherfore, the outstrip sam pling proficiency that could be utilise would be quota sampling, as it allows the tec to dispel the locate commonwealth up into unhomogeneous sub- conferences, which in this case would just be climb on and sexual urge, because no some other(prenominal) variables kindle change/ diverge the outcomes of this experiment.Then, from this planned sub- throngs, the detective would advisedly clunk out how umteen plurality is need and what characteristics this state must(prenominal) engage. There would be 5 sub- crowds anchor on long time and gender (each assort ranging 10 years), each free radical adding up the inwardness number of 25 spate (5 per group ). Participants would be asked for hold after(prenominal)ward use them as the sample. IV. Materials Materials essential for this experiment are fundamentally those involving twain(prenominal) testing ground- related to experiment.The elementary bodilys would be a research laboratory course or a class mode, provide with tables, desks and chairs, as well as a board. other mode would be postulate in revise to perform the disentangle therapy sessions that would be efficacious for the experiment, so all founts of equipment related to yoga is needed, much(prenominal) as mats, enlighten weights, and so forth The other type of material that is employ is questionnaires on tense up participants whitethorn gull onwards perform whatever practise, a angle of dip of language for participants to hear, and a set of speakers, which get out be the true(a) man-made lake of hear.V. Procedures * assembly participants in a live and assume them do a nidus questionnaire to probe what is their watercourse aim of tenseness. * With the results of much(prenominal) questionnaires wear out participants up into two groups, one including the much accent race, and the other group the be people, participants should stay put deceived until the end of the experiment. * put one across participants from some(prenominal) groups lodge in yoga classes (or whatever alike act with the comparable purpose) so their direct of emphasize is cut prevail over and partially fit to one a nonher.These sessions should not withstand for lengthy than 30 proceeding. * This creationness done, bear a brief group audience with them to limit whether the restful activity was cooperative and useful, if so, hold on to contiguous maltreat if not, render the participants light upon in fiat to use this variables as a proceeds when evaluating the results. * unclutter participants con a inclining of 10 address without whatever immaterial stimuli much(prenominal) as illegitimate enterprise or opthalmic distraction, macrocosm accustomed no yearner than 10 minutes. appraise the contentedness of the participants to get wind much(prenominal) wrangling by magnanimous them a running play where they have to spell out down the level best number of dustup they prat remember. * Afterwards, betray participants time lag for 15 minutes in a room with a ascendent of essay, in this case, noise glide slope from speakers, comparable to the one produced by whistles. Then, give each participant the sulfur condition, another careen of 10 talking to with standardized spell and akin grammar category, but serene applying the starting time of melodic line.However, participants are not going to be told that tecs are empowering this witness of stress. They are given up 10 minutes. * have them frame out a test scrutiny them on how many another(prenominal) language they were able to memorize in this environs. * If any participant was covering any mark of being accented or not touch modality good, progress to the participant take some yoga classes so they allow for the experiment without any stress question participants so that the experiment meets all honest requirements. VI. AnalysisThe obtained information is d enary because it is interpreted from the memory tests performed passim the experiment, and a good office in which it could be presented visually and efficaciously would be by apply bulwark interprets, such(prenominal) as the following, change in with the record data. This graph lets us chitchat the kin between participants in both conditions, and soft equal performances. If participants were interviewed after perform the tests, we would likewise have soft data that would make our results more than reliable.An firmament that could be researched on after execute this experiment could be how a lengthen expounding to stress could come upon memory, as a way of sounding into unfeignedizable starters of psychological illnesses such as Alzheimer, and so on The outcomes of this experiment could be use in a build of real livelihood situations because stress is at an increase rate in our youthful societies, and studying how it magnate mask peoples life is necessar y. With such results, we could demonstrate how stress may easy be deteriorating an various(prenominal)s cognitive capacities, such as memory, or only negate our initial hypothesis.The experiment was carried out with the approximately thinkable the true and passivity from the researcher in value to avoid any form of researcher deviate. Participants were not told the aim of the study or the hypothesis they were deceived to turn up participants bias, such as regard characteristics or the screw-you termination. However, a authority worry that could meditate using the kindred sample of participants for both conditions is that the aim of the experiment could be found out and therefore, participants could in some way bias the study.Even though researchers essay to take all executable variables into taradiddle to slim the thinkable cause on the results, some couldnt be controlled, like the mood of participants or their front exposition to stress throughout their l ives, an all-important(a) operator that hobo bias the study. On glide by of that, theres a privation of bionomic cogency because the study was performed in a lab and not in the participants essential environment where they are used to, so they index not act usually in a lab environment.

Literary Physics

platform dot shew Notes * motion t to individually atomic number 53ing from standby sources to pass an example of criss traverse within a species and explain the manipulation of this hybridisation crossbreed cardinal brokertically different strains of an organism atomic number 18 cut through to produce consequence with desirable characteristics. i. e. cross genteelness oxen to produce go meat, which will put on for human use of goods and services Selective breeding of sheep to produce merino sheep sheep which atomic number 18 hybrids produced by interbreeding different sheep varieties.Interbreeding other varieties of maize whisky to produce the event hybrid corn that was hardy and produced boastful fruit. * describe the process of deoxyribonucleic acid sideboard and explain its importee * desoxyribonucleic acid fork-like helix unwinds * DNA unzips * Nucleotides are added to for for each one one single strandDNA take ensures that the inheritable in formation is maintained. * explain the kinship amidst proteins and polypeptides A protein is make up of nonpareil or more polypeptides.A polypeptide is made up of a chain of some(prenominal) amino acids. * disassemble information from secondary sources to outline the rise that direct to Beadle and Tatums sensation agent matchless protein opening and to explain wherefore this was altered to the peerless cistron mavin polypeptide hypothesis Beadle and Tatum reason out that for each defective enzyme there was peerless gene on one specialised area of a chromosome that had been mutated by irradiation. This led to their one gene-one enzyme theory.The one gene one enzyme hypothesis changed to the one gene one protein hypothesis, once it was demo that there are other proteins at some(prenominal) rate enzymes that are encoded by genes. Thomas Morgans create led to a greater judgement of how genes are put on chromosomes and how genetic material stop be exchange (during intersection point over) in meiosis. Morgans experiments showed without any doubt that * the gene for eye strainise in fruit travel is fit(p) on the X chromosome, and * hereditary factors depose be transfer between the X chromosomes of an individual.Morgan experimented with fruit flies (Drosophilia melanogaster) and modulated that genes are carried on chromosomes. He used crossing over to determine locations of genes. He notice that energize chromosomes number different to each other, and that eye colour gene in Drosophilia was located on the X chromosome, steer to the discovery of sex linkage. Boveri experimented with sea urchins and showed that a complete specialize of chromosomes was needed for conventionality development and that the gist of a mobile phone was concerned with inheritance.He postulated that each chromosome was different, chromosomes were transferred from one propagation to the next during kiosk division, and that chromosomes must condu ct the many hereditary factors. Sutton he find during meiosis that chromosomes behaved haphazard and gametes receive sole(prenominal) one chromosome from each pair. Distinguish between the terms gene and allelomorph A gene is a section of DNA that codes for proteins that expresses itself as the phenotype for example, two genes for eye colour. An allele is the alternative forms of a gene, i. e. for eye colour, B would code for blue while b for brown.

Accounting,corporate governance and ethics Essay

Accounting,corporate g e trulyplacenance and ethics - Essay ExampleThe accounting profession has evolved over the years and today is viewed as making big contributions to inspiring investor confidence in various enterprisesThe tedious accounting profession is a sensitive labor especially when it comes to certifying to accuracy Because of this sensitivity, the accounting profession had adopted a professional code of ethics for all members. People however believe a disperse of reformist agenda had been thwarted by the vested interests of pro-corporate public policy makers (Conrad 313). The chief ethical difficulty that faces roughly accountants today is what constitutes a full and timely revealing (Duska & Duska 7). The accounting profession has seen a lot of corporate scandals which had spoiled its sterling professional image in which countless individuals lost their lifetime savings. It has been as a reaction to these scandals that practice of laws were passed to strengthen the standards of the profession to avoid repeating the same mistakes and as additional safeguards for investors. Regulators, lawmakers, accounting professionals and policy makers had scrambled to draft these new rules and regulations to impose higher(prenominal) standards in the profession but ultimately, it is the individuals conscience that will preclude any scandals or lapses from happening again. Management boards and executive committees likewise keep back spent considerable time into the deliberations of formulating their own set of corporate standards and code of ethics to prevent accounting scandals from occurring in their firms or in any luck of their organization. An aim of this paper is to explore the accounting profession as it is today compared to previous years. Discussion Accounting is one of those professions in which utmost trust is reposed on those who practice it as a profession (as source of income and livelihood). It is no different from client- lawyer engagement or a patient-doctor relationship in which confidentiality is paramount. As a profession, accounting is charged with the task of making sense out of numbers and it is for this capability for which the various users of financial information rely on for their judgment. It is therefore very crucial that the information contained in financial statements can be relied upon for their timeliness, integrity, usefulness, relevance and accuracy. Stricter government regulations regarding corporate financial reporting has removed some of the more flying temptations and threats to the integrity of financial statements. However, self-regulation of the industry is also vital in this regard and to educate members of the profession regarding their sacred duty to make the financial figures credible to the public. The most significant reform to ever come about the recent corporate accounting scandals that involved Enron and others is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of July 30, 2002. It is a very significant pi ece of commandment in one respect it now requires corporate executive officers to also sign off on the financial documents prepared by third-party auditors. What this piece of law means for the accounting profession and the executive boards of publicly-listed companies is both entities must now certify as to the accuracy of the data as contained in the audited financial statements. Previously, prudence boards and executive committees of affected companies can wash their hands off any audited financial documents if there are discrepancies contained in them but the Sarbanes-Oxley Law (or SOX for short) had changed that cavalier attitude. For the offshoot time ever, not only are the auditing firms to be liable for failures to detect any accounting anomalies as they go about their task of auditing, the management citizenry of the audited entity are also equally liable. The new law had rightly put some pressure on

Computerized Management Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Computerized Management Systems - Essay ExampleComputer System evaluation In order to polish off efficiency and excellence, hospitals may implement the ELECTRA System. This system is valuable in that it provides health originations with the appropriate management tools. These tools include stimulation, analysis and modeling. Proper documentation is also come-at-able by means of the use of the ELECTRA system. These management tools are equally vital because they enable health care providers to offer quality services to patients and increase their level of productivity (ACGIL, 2010). decision maker positive(p) Administrator Plus is used together with other technologies and assists in carrying out different duties in health care institutions. Administrator plus is particularly used by different specialists in promoting health care. These specialists are mainly the administrators and managers. The system can only run using Microsoft applications (Accurate Info salving Pvt. Ltd., 2011). Discussion How computerized management systems could increase quality of care ELECTRA The utilization of the ELECTRA system is of great advantage to hospitals because it helps in the promotion of quality services offered to patients. In addition, hospitals that propensity to operate at low costs while still ensuring efficiency should consider applying the ELECTRA system. This system provides different managerial advantages to a health care institution including telemedicine, enquiry management, pharmacy management and queue management. The ELECTRA system allows healthcare providers to serve many patients within a short period. ELECTRA helps in keeping patients data and appointment appointments with staff members. Computer systems that improve the quality of work in health care institutions are those that can effectively serve many patients within a short period (ACGIL, 2010). Administrator Plus Administrator Plus promotes quality by streamlining the different operations ca rried out in hospitals. This is made possible through with(predicate) consultant management, patient management and OPD. Patient management is vital because it enables staff members to collect and retrieve data. This system is most effective in a hospital that serves hundreds of patients at any particular time. Administrator Plus is of considerable advantage to doctors because it helps to save time (Accurate Info Soft Pvt. Ltd., 2011). Getting nurses involved The application of ELECTRA and Administrator Plus cannot be successful unless nurses are involved. This is because nurses are expected to give a report on the inflow and outflow of patients in hospitals. It is wherefore outstanding to involve the nurses in the selection of the type of system that would be most appropriate in health care. Gordon and Cox noted that when nurses are involved in implementation of technology, managers learn about their attitude towards certain technology (ACGIL, 2010). In addition, the medical fra ternity will be linked to different technological experts through the involvement of nurses in the implementation of technology. Involvement of nurses also helps in setting the priorities among staff members. This is a vital step in avoiding cryptic issues. It can therefore be noted that health care institutions should not only ask nurses to apply certain technologies to their operations but should also

Psychology Experiment on learning by doing vs learning by viewing Essay

Psychology Experiment on learning by doing vs learning by showing - Essay Examplestudy that targets the determination of the learning theories and techniques specifically the comparative analysis of the experiments and empirical data related to the educational psychology of the techniques such as learning by doing and learning by viewing. The results of the studies that had been chosen are then analyzed and reviewed.I.One of the studies that became the focus of the research and review undertaken is the research conducted by Stull and Mayer on the comparative analysis of the two types of learning process through the comparison of the graphic organizers in materials that are studied. The main(prenominal) objective of the study is to be equal to(p) to determine which of the said methods are more effective in achievement of understanding of the learners (Stull and Mayer 808).The main hypothesis of the study undertaken is determination if the graphic organizers that are open up by the students are more effective in retaining studied concept more than the prepared ones. The said hypothesis had been tested by conducting three (3) set-ups for experimentation, thus, the main methodology used is experimental research.The set-ups differed in the number of the author-provided graphic organizers and the items that students are needed to construct graphic organizers for. The first set up can be considered the most complex, and complexity decreases towards the third set-up. The complexity level had been the independent variable which was measured through the number of items provided. The 1st set-up which is of the highest complexity is composed of 27 author-provided organizers and too items that students need to construct their own. On the 2nd and 3rd set-ups 18 and 10 of each type are made respectively.Basically, the variables had been designed and defined on the fundament of the cognitive theory of learning. This can be attributed to the fact that the skills that are required in the analysis, understanding and construction of graphic organizers in

Reflective analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective compend - Essay ExampleI believe that this ability to secernate ones mistakes, learning perfection and the ability to rectify them rather than ignoring the fact of being imperfect, makes me a better person and professional having the ability to cleanse with every step and instance.The learning outcome I really wanted to pursue is the development of understanding that grammatical and mechanical errors detract from achieving their communication purposes. The grammatical mistakes I made in my earlier writings made the content I wrote awkward and confusing for the reader. For instance, the use of punctuation could make this sentence interpreted from my January 18 submission, better by replacing These celebrities all have thousands if not millions of followers on their social media profiles with These celebrities all have thousands, if not millions, of followers on their social media profiles. Similarly, a sentence in my January 15 submission read I think Toulmin model is t he most effective for the evaluative rhetorical analysis I am composing, because my theis is drug free here the word theis makes the reader confused and perplexed as to the meaning of it. The correction needed here was with the spell of thesis and it makes the entire message clear for the reader with proper sense.At times, wrong use of writing coordinates and mechanics make the work incomprehensible for the reader. I have learnt it from a review of my submissions during the course. For instance, my January 21 submission includes that Everyone has one partner, then we read draft each other to find somewhere need to improve, the likes of grammar, etc. ,I think this is a great method for revise draft. The sentence could make more sense and deliver better meanings by an amendment in the structure and formation of it. It could have been better to say Everyone has a partner to work with. After writing the draft, we read each others work to grade areas for improvement

Health Promotion Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

wellness Promotion Practice - Essay ExampleFrom the everywhereweight children, 25% had been classed as obese and prone to chronic disease and disabilities. The likeliness of obesity having multiple predictors for illness is high. The escalation of Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and a variety of other co-morbidities before or during early adulthood is pass judgment to interfere with the normal life of the obese child. Sleep apnoea, arthritis and other disorders of bones, joint disorders and cancer have also been associated with obesity. Low self-esteem is another significant puzzle and may require appropriate psychological approach. A shorter life expectancy is inevitable in addition. The issue having become a global one, it is really urgent that measures are taken to prevent overweight and obesity. A collaborative effort on a war footing needs to be undertaken to find a rational solution. Where previously the issue was descriptive of children from wealthy families, recent discov ery has been made that economy and geography have little to do with the obesity. With all this in mind, I opted to join MEND, a program croaking for reversing the child obesity issue on an international basis. Epidemiology The problem is caused by a mathematical loss in the intake of energy as calories and pulmonary tuberculosis of energy. Increased intake could be more than the needed requirement for the bodily functions. This could cause obesity. Similarly if the expenditure of energy in the form of exercise is not possible, an accumulation of fat again occurs in the body. This accumulating fat causes obesity and overweight. Either the intake has to be rock-bottom or the expenditure increased to balance the calories being utilized in the body. The obesity is measured as the BMI or body mass index in the project. This is the ratio of the weight in kilograms to the square of the height in metres. Overweight and obesity have been defined as leading health indicators by the vigor ous People 2010. This programme intended to reduce the childhood obesity incidence by 5% in the US. The substance of the issue in Wales Wales has had its fair administer of the problem following the recession. The Welsh Health Survey had indicated that 3% in children under 16 were classified as obese. (Brindley, 2010). Wales held a high position in the childhood obesity league, with nearly one in five children being classed as obese. As a possible result of the recession, more families were looking or switching to cheaper foods which tended to be more processed and contained high levels of salt, fat and sugar (Brindley). The number of adults classed as overweight or obese had been increasing gradually over the last ten years. These results were from the annual survey. Health experts in Wales were raising concerns over childrens long-term health should obesity continue to rise unchecked (Brindley). The significance of the issue in Wales had motivated the government to plan strategi es for containing the problem. For all of these reasons, the UK government set up the MEND program to decrease the incidence of these problems and protect the childrens health so that they live a healthy life. Furthermore, it was in the financial interest of the government to fund these health promotion programs as preventive work with childhood obesity was far cheaper in the long run. Dealing with the costs of health care of obesity-related health conditions could be expected to show shocking skyrocketing figures. Health promotion included activities which were

Modernity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Modernity - Essay ExampleThese aspects are either descriptive or analytical based on social, political, or economic aspects that stipulate modernity. A political approach of defining modernity is quite analytical. It states that the earliest stages of modernity began with the Niccolo Machiavellis works, which seemed to favor the free republics over monarchies. The modernization initiated at this eon continues to grow with liberalism and democracy being quite characteristic in todays political view. On the other hand, the changes in the social discourse, processes, and conditions take a descriptive approach. In this case, modernity is described in accordance to the descriptions of peoples social aspects. The philosophical view also takes the same descriptive symmetry as the social approach. In this regard, it is described as the period where the realization that it is impossible to achieve certainty came up. On the same frequency, modernity achieves a descriptive approach as the ag e in which ideologies were developed.The descriptive aspect of modernity supersedes the analytical. This is because across generations what predominates is the evidence of what has taken place. Therefore, when this is described, it supports the evidence of the transition that is characterized by

Corporate governance in Olympus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate governance in Olympus - Essay ExampleThis had to be initiated since the company was making a difference in the market with outstanding say-so share. In 1950, Olympus started the diversification of its product offerings in medical systems, health care equipment, and then moving forward to SLR cameras and worlds first Microcassette recorder (Olympus vision America Inc., 2012).As a highly innovative company relying on its ability to give more value for its customers, Olympus continued responding to the markets needs for products such as clinical blood analysers, powerful microscope systems, and breakthrough digital cameras (Olympus Imaging America Inc., 2012).After 93 years, today, Olympus seems to be so proud slightly its achievement from the past until at present while it continues to create the same enthusiasm in producing its product offerings and creating value for customers through its high standard timber product and service contributions in the market.From a very simple microscope, the worlds needs for clinical equipment moved to a higher standard. Olympus then started to stupefy products like acoustic microscopes, ultrasonic endoscopes, reagent AIDS detection, digital voice recorders, and best-selling camera like the Infinity Stylus (Olympus Imaging America Inc., 2012). Olympus therefore provides equipments and devices for medical and healthcare, imaging and knowledge, and industrial applications (Datamonitor Business Information Centre, 2007).Olympus is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan while the rest of its satellites or branches are situated in Europe, Asia and Americas. It has centralised structure, aiming to produce bran-new innovative ideas, technological advancement, and a cut-above-the-other-manufacturing performance, consistently.The company is organised into different segment divisions such as imaging system business, medical systems business, life science business, information and communication business and other businesses (Datam onitor Business

Project Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project Management - Coursework ExampleIt will also correlate the process with necessary stakeholder, risks, and Pestle abbreviation as strategic tools in understanding the market where the loaded is targeting its business operation. A Gannt Chart is provided to sequentially schedule the desired time frame for Firms activities. Introduction There is nothing significant for an organization but to see its operational system working systematically to achieve plans. The Firm take to adopt a mechanism in hiring employees to safeguard its interest and to ascertain that its human resource will be performing their respective tasks in contour and in contribution to the achievement to its corporate goals. The management, on the other hand, moldiness provide strategic direction to its employees by comprehensively understanding the risks and developments in the market. strategic planning will help the company leverage itself from competitors and from the odds of dynamic market. Purpose This topic will explicate the process of recruiting and selecting employees for a firm to change enjoyment of optimum exercise and achievement of goals. It is also aimed at providing appropriate systematic framework for enlisting strategy to acquire quality workers that could perform tasks and roles (Walter, 2008). screen background The scope of this study is limited only to its application to the firms recruitment process for either fix or rationalizeual position. Objective This paper aims to explicate the hiring and selection process as significant in human resource management for the Firm and to correlate the matter to Firms performance management using optimized business analyses and strategic management. Recruitment and selection process The recruitment process will include the following steps (Walter, 2008). a. Setting and crafting of hiring and recruitment policy by the human resource department in partnership with the management b. The management must baffle the rationale o f the hiring the jobs purpose, duties, and responsibilities. It must also discuss the relation of the job to the management using job analysis (Gan & Kleiner, 2005). c. determination of positions that will be publicized for hiring d. Identifying strategic areas where information on hiring are posted, advertised or announced. The posted information must clearly indicate the position available the requirements needed from applicants the skills needed and the exact location of the seat (Walter, 2008). e. Set actual date of examination and interview f. Those who academically or skillfully qualify will be subjected for training and coaching (Guest &Conway, 1997 Harrison, 1997 Salman, Arnesson, & Shukur, 2009). g. Signing of contract for hired employees. This is the logical process about how the recruitment and selection procedures be enforced. The hiring policy will be the legal basis in laying stack the contractual relations and the terms of employment. Its often assumed that this is in consonance to existing labor policy of the location where business is in operation. The yield or advertisement is the process of popularizing the vacancy to gain attention from possible applicants. The management must have thoroughly evaluated the hiring using job analysis to determine the relation of employee to the management. The examination will test the analytical capacity of the applicants and the interview will also help

Husserl's theory of Phenomenology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Husserls theory of Phenomenology - Essay ExamplePhilosopher Edmund Husserl proposed a vision of phenomenology that would increasingly cater philosophers and psychologists a means of investigating the vagaries of kind-hearted conscious experience. spot Husserl was the first philosopher to heighten phenomenology to an entire philosophical school of thought, subsequent thinkers would expand and change Husserls concepts. Throughout the 20th century two major forms of phenomenology emerged Husserls theory of phenomenology and the existential theory of phenomenology. This essay compares and contrasts these divergent perspectives.There are a compartmentalisation of differing features of Husserls theory of phenomenology and the existential version. In both instances, however, there is the similar recognition that phenomenological investigation considers internal aspects of human consciousness (Sokolowski, p. 159). Both perspectives on phenomenology worked to ask aspects of human consci ousness through bracketing techniques (Sokolowski, p. 159). In this way, the human senses perceived the external world was a major investigative trope. Both schools of thought recognized that the human senses only constituted a partial reflection of actual reality. Subsequently, phenomenology implemented the epoche method of investigation where a particular aspect of sensory experience was bracketed and investigated.While the overarching mode of analysis is similar among both Husserls perspective the existential perspective on phenomenology, differences emerge in terms of the specifics. One of the primary differences in the midst of these perspectives is the objects they believe can be the object of phenomenological analysis. Existential phenomenology believed that phenomenology could only investigate actual objects from the external world. This perspective is contrasted with Husserls phenomenology that argues analysis also involved concepts such as freedom or justice. Ziemba indi cates, Husserl

United States school counseling program Term Paper

United States teach counselor program - Term Paper ExampleSchool counseling is not a new concept it has been in existence since long however, it is as well as true that school counseling at elementary and lay level is a later development as compared to high school and college counseling.Academic counseling, vocational guidance and other forms of school counseling are offered in most schools these days for the students who take in it. According to the Education Encyclopedia (2011), school counselors facilitate communicating between students, teachers and parents while striving to make learning process a positive hold out for all parties involved. This paper will provide a brief history and evaluation of the school counseling program specifically at elementary and middle high school level offered to students in the USA, focusing on the roles and responsibility of a school counselor. History of School advise In USAthough existence of informal school counseling, where the teacher played the role of counselor is centuries long, almost as long as that of education itself the history of formal school counseling can be traced back to the beginning of twentieth nose candy. In the pro social reform movement period, when child labor was at its peak, counseling was introduced in many schools of USA, but this was mostly vocational counseling which aimed at transforming people in the workforce into productive members of the society (Education Encyclopedia, 2011). During its first half, the 20th century faced two world wars. Two noticeable events occurred in the post war era that cleared the way for counseling in schools as we sack out it today (Yau, 1988). One was the establishment of American School Counselor Association in 1950 and second was inclusion of aid for counseling in guidance in the national defense education act in 1958 (Education Encyclopedia, 2011). In 1970s the focus of school counseling was further expanded to engulf the special ask department. Spe cial needs students also fell under the department of school counselor as per the Education for all handicapped children act in 1978. The ASCA has also essential a set of national standards for school counseling program, which serves as a guide for all school counselors regarding their role and responsibilities (Sabella, 2006). Importance of School Counseling Professional school counseling helps in maximizing student success via promotion of a safe and supportive learning environment (ASCA, 2009). According to Gysbers (2003), identity operator issues, problems pertaining to academic learning, peer pressure, drugs and changing or disturbing family relationships are a common part of students daily lives in the USA today. The role of counselor is consequently very important. The school counselor not only identifies the students in need of assistance, but also serves to rectify the problems and help the students in solving their issues. This is attained via expanding communication ch annels and introducing the students to effective life coping strategies as per the requirement. 2. ROLE OF A SCHOOL COLUNSELOR A review of available literature was conducted in order to set out the current trends and issues in school counseling in the USA and to explore the roles of a school counselor in America. The ASCA have carefully developed a national model for professional school counselors to follow. This model is typically based on four areas, namely pes, delivery, management and accountability (ASCA, 2011). The element of foundation in the model points out that the counselors are to develop a philosophy in their work and then to follow it. Ideally, counselors create a mission contention in collaboration with that of the school they are working at to create a supportive environment for the students that encourages learning. Delivery refers to the provision of required and expected service by the counselor to the staff, teachers, students and parents. Management also fall s within the realm f counseling. As per the national

Gaza and International law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gaza and International law - Essay ExampleThis summit had no fruitful results since the offer, not including East Jerusalem, that was made by Barak was not congenial by the Palestinians.Taba, 2001 Clinton arranged for further negotiations to take place in Taba, Egypt. Although the conversations held were not of top level, nevertheless the bridge between Israel and the Palestinians was narrowed although not resolved. According to EU reports, Israel agreed to the idea that East Jerusalem will be capital of a Palestinian state. However, Barak was not ready to make any kind of compromises (BBC, 2013).Arab tranquility Initiative, 2002 Talks were held that a Palestinian state can be set up in the West Bank and Gaza with a fair solution to the refugee problem. This agree was set to be agreed if Arab countries would accept Israel as their state. The positive element of this plan was that Arab intervened to create peace between Israel and Gaza, and the negative element was that same issu es that were topics in previous meetings had to be renegotiated.Roadmap, 2003 A plan was made by the US, Russia, EU and the UN to suggest three phases of peace settlement. In the first phase, Palestinians would withdraw all frenzy from Israel. In the second phase, a Palestinian state would be created with borders agreed upon by the two states. The final compact would be made in the triplet phase. Till date, the roadmap has not been implemented but acts as a guiding step during negotiations. This entire plan was reversed in Geneva Accord, 2003 according to which agreement will precede any peace and security measures (BBC, 2013).International law takes into consideration two kinds of armed conflicts international conflict which takes place between two states, and non-international conflict that occurs within a state like civil wars (Kauffman, 2008, p.32). The Gaza-Iraq

Credibility of Business Negotiations between the U.S. and China Essay

Credibility of Business Negotiations between the U.S. and China - Essay ExampleBusiness negotiations in China are challenging, particularly for international businesses because of the very mingled business practices of the Chinese. For one, networking is different in China where the government is almost al charges involved such that the range of decision makers is wider, and the process more collaborative.The Chinese purification promotes loyalty and conformity to family structures, where agriculture is regarded as the root of society and commerce as the branch. Their Confucian principle on the importance of society being nonionised under a benevolent moral code is both prosperous and politically stable, as well as their reverence for scholarship and kinship.Concepts such as guanxi (personal connection), renji hexie (interpersonal harmony) and chiku nailao (endurance, relentlessness) are practices or the Chinese way of doing business. Before business can be through with(p), the C hinese believe that trust should be established first. Trust is create through guanxi and renji hexie, concepts that are ingrained in Chinese societal relationships both at home and abroad.Chinese spend a large amount of endeavor and time in establishing personal relationships, often through mediators known to both parties, as an antecedent to any(prenominal) business dealings. This is more often than not ill-conceived by a Westerner as a frustrating delaying tactic, but considered very important for the Chinese since this process develops trust between the parties, paving the way for the relationship of both parties to be strengthened and deepen beyond mere acquaintances to something resembling family. The Chinese have a thorough, in-depth due diligence before consenting to any agreements, looking at their numbers and gathering more information. Usually, the average time it takes to do deals in China, from initial contact to contract signing may be from 12 to 18 months, possibly longer for institutional deals.The concept of yin and yang, where finding the way (the Tao) is more essential than finding the truth (the means is more semiprecious than the end supports the above-mentioned practices. And the Chinese are prepared to work hard to reach this compromise, specially since they are famous for their work ethic, instilling it from childhood. The distinction provided is that the Chinese take diligence one step higher- to endurance (chiku nailao) because for them, relentlessness and endurance are deemed far more honorable in society than talent.B. U.S. escort of credibility in business negotiations Free trade leads to higher economic growth, better living standards and more and better job opportunities. The United States has been the forerunner in economic development, trade relations, etc. maintaining its status as a superpower. Perhaps this position has been achieved in part through the Americans shrewd business negotiation techniques especially in dea ling with their business interests in the global arena. Among the cultural traits that Americans are known for in negotiation is that they are meticulous about punctuality, getting things done when promised and not wasting time. They are known for their impatience to get down to business after a few pleasantries. During negotiations, Americans are

American economy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

American economy - Research Paper ExampleThe government plays an alpha role in the economy, as is the case in all countries. From the founding of the Republic, the United States federal government has strongly back up the development of transportation. It financed the first study canal system and later subsidized the railroads and the airlines. It has developed river valleys and built dams and power stations. It has extended electricity and scientific advice to farmers and assures them a minimum price for their basic crops. It checks the artlessness of food and drugs, insures bank deposits and guarantees loans. Americas individual 50 states have been most active in building roads and in the field of education. individually year the states spend some $33,31 million on schools and provide a free public education for 29.1 million primary-school pupils and 11.4 million youth in unessential schools. (In addition, 8.3. a million youths attend private primary and secondary schools.) A pproximately 60 percent of the students who graduate from secondary schools attend colleges and universities, 77,2 percent of which are supported by public funds. The United States leads the world in the percentage of the population that receives a higher education. Total enrollment in schools o higher development is 13.4 million. (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2003)Despite the fact the United States government supports many segments of the nations economy, economists estimate that the public sector accounts for only one-fifth of American frugal activity, with the remainder in private hands.

Sainsbury's analysis and valuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sainsburys analysis and valuation - Essay ExampleIt generated ?131 million PBT in 2010. 4- Sainsburys banking which is the result of a sound out venture with Lloyds bank. It created such services as insurances, credit cards and loans and generated ?7 million PBT in 2010(j.Sainsbury our business 2011). According to J.Sainsbury RAQs (2011), there are different competitors of Sainsbury for each of its areas. For example, for supermarket, which is the biggest activity in the company, competitors are Tesco, Marks & Spencer and Morrison. However, the competitors for banking service are the traditional high street banks, Tesco and M&S financial services, Egg, MNA, Capital one, Direct crimp and Cahoot. This paper will analyze the Sainsbury Company through a look into its macroeconomic environment, industry, five forces model, business model, and financial conditions. Business investors may use the tribute made in this paper to see whether to buy, sell or hold Sainsburys share. Macroeconom ic Environment Interest Rate and Inflation Rate UK cheer rate in March 2011 had been registered at 0.5% which is a record unhopeful (BBC, 2011). In February 2011, inflation rate of UK rose to 4.4% (BBC, 2011). Interest rate has a major(ip) impact on time value of money. Changes in the rate of inflation generally result in alterations in the chase rate. These two factors are the bring out factors employed in the decision making for investment since they have a direct impact upon the investment yield. In case of UK, the record low interest rate will support the investment on shares. Rising interest rates retard the growth of inflation. Lower rate of interest increases the acceptance from businesses, which bear have an impact on Sainsburys. This can make investment in durable consumer goods products such as automobiles, capital equipments and buildings appealing. The lower rate of interest can also affect the value of currency by making the currency weak. This can in turn enhance the market value of Sainsburys for the foreign purchasers. This will also help to increase the profitability of the company (Economy Watch, 2009). Rise in inflation rate coincides with the increase in cost of fuel, feed and clothing items. Rise in inflation generally takes place due to increase in wholesale price index, which can have an effect on retail spending of a consumer and can weaken the consumer demand. Inflation rise also increases prices of products and VAT (value added tax) on a product that generally affects the sales volume. Factors equivalent high level of inflation, subdued growth of wage and indecisive economic viewpoint generally reflect in terms of consumer spending. Therefore, the inflationary scenario in the UK can have a big impact of the sales and profitability of Sainsbury (RTE News, 2001). 1-PEST analysis Political According to Lawrence (2010a), the government intends to limit the role of the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and murder the traffic light food labeling system, which has long been opposed by leading supermarkets like Tesco. As a result, the food industry will face minor to no regulation for self and voluntary regulation (Lawrence 2010b). Leading supermarkets will have a strong presence as far as accompanying the government on the forming of new

Research Plan Essay Example for Free

Research Plan EssayAs part of your look for plan, you moldiness first draft a research misgiving for your research paper that ordain guide the rest of your writing. A research headspring, which is much specific and concentrate than a public radical, is the question that your research paper will be answering. For example, if your general bea of interest is Social Security, a possible research question might ask How could low-income families save more money if the United States had a reformed Social Security plan that included personal retirement accounts? As you develop a research question, keep in mind that you will need to research sources to support your topic. Do non pick a diagonal question that will limit your research. Instead, develop a research question that lends itself to further exploration and debatea question you genuinely want to bang the answer to. Try to pick a research question that is not too broad (covering too much) or too narrow (covering too lit tle). It should be broad enough to be discussed in a short research paper. What is your general topic or area of interest?Recycling What is it about your general topic of interest that interests you? The topic of recycling interests me because there are some cities that so not make recycling a priority and I mean it is important to preserve for future generations. What questions do you have about the topic that you would like to investigate? List them. What is the history of recycling? What is being done in school systems to promote recycling? What are the values of recycling? What can be done in cities where recycling is not a priority to make residents recycle?The effects if recycling is not made a priority. What are the financial benefits to a residential district where recycling is a priority? Would any of the questions you listed about the topic make a good subject for a research paper? Pick or adapt one question and make it into a research question. What are the benefits o f recycling? Why do you think this research question is appropriate for a research paper? I think this is an appropriate question for a research paper because there are many benefits with much information of the benefits.How is your research question significant or relevant to a wider community? My research question is relevant to a wider community because it is a worldwide issue in todays society with much room for emolument. What punctuate information provides the preliminary grounds for your research? I was shocked at how many people I have come to know that do not make it a priority because it is simply easier to toss it away. What are some expert or authoritative sources of information on this research question?The University of capital of Arizona library What type of materials will you need to review for your research paper? Plenty of articles to support the bases of my paper. What procedures will you follow to conduct your research? I will need to further brain storm and t ake notes on the articles I will be using for my paper and conpilling several new(prenominal) sources to ensure I have enough material to use. What difficulties do you anticipate in conducting your research? There is plenty of research out there and I need to slew it down to what is most important and relevant to what I am writing.Write a 250- to 300-word paragraph summarizing your reearch plan. Include the following The topic you have chosen for your lowest project. What you hope to learn from your research. What aspect of your topic you plan to focus on in your research and writing. This paragraph is just an intro of sorts. Dont begin with The topic I have chosen, or My topic is write in 3rd person (he, she, it, or in general terms) Recycling is a relatively new theory with very few states enforcing this as a law.Although recycling has only been around for about forty years it has come a long way in how it is viewed by many people and states. People across the country have now come to see the long term benefits to recycling and how it will benefit our society by reducing their carbon foot print and how it benefits the environment. While recycling has made big strides there is still much room for improvement with public awareness. There has been a big push in elementary schools recently, children are being taught from a young age, the benefits of long term recycling.There are many states such as California and, Oregon requiring stay puts when purchasing drinking beverages to promote recycling by its residents, regardless if the person lives there or not, the deposit must be paid. This is just an example of ways other states are do recycling a priority. By being vigilant and constantly making recycling a priority we can reduce the amount of waste in landfills each year thus eliminating the effects of global warming and the wrench of methane emitted into the atmosphere and the pollution of the waterways.By committing to recycling not only is there a b enefit to the environment but there can be other ways recycling can contribute to a community financially. By implementing an efficient program recycling can yield great profits. Now more than ever it is so important to make recycling a priority. Its imperative that we create a future, for the future generation to enjoy and if not made a priority children of the future will suffer.

Witnesses Fear of Retribution by the Gangs Essay Example for Free

Witnesses Fear of Retribution by the Gangs EssayIn America thither are a lot of many hoops such as Pico Rivera and Pico Nuevo and many Americans have fallen victims of them. These gangs terrorize good deal and the guard are very compulsive to control then but their efforts are hampered by one thing, and this is the fact that the go steadyes to particular cases refuse to give their testimonies for fear of retribution by the gang members. My focussing on this essay is to discuss on why witnesses fear to avow in courts and how this fear should be allayed. tally to the deputy attorney general Gary Haearnsberger, target of 258 cases that were heard, over 170 of them were murder cases and witnesses refuse to test for fear of reprisal by the gang. People feel free to explain to the police what they saw but when it comes to testify in the court they refuse. As per the West Covina detective Dan Nalian in his news report on gangs noted hat there are people who witness shooting s cenes and even identify the culprits but when they are asked to be witnesses in court they object.This has even become like a norm in the unite States of America that it is not the right thing to testify against any gang for fear that you shall be attacked in retaliation though others refuse to testify receivable to their criminal related records. A case in point is of 4th March 2005 where a four-man gang tricked a fair sex claiming that they were his boyfriends gang mates only to demand to be directed to them. After they reached where his boyfriend and his two friends were, fierce shooting ensued and a fifteen-year-old boy sustained head injuries opus her boyfriend and his partner went unhurt.This woman clearly identified the four-gang members as the residents of Pico Rivera. According to her eye account, these gang members were Joseph Aranda who was aged cardinal years old and Fernando Aranda aged twenty years. She forwarded their names to the police department and promised t hat she would testify in court against them. But as time went by she could not fulfill the promise she made to the police officers that she would testify in court against them. After a period of three years later the woman refused to testify claiming she couldnt remember exactly what happened on that fateful day or even remember who the men in a jeep were.Not that it was hard to remember what happened but she feared retribution by the gang. (Gonzalez R. 2008) According the Gary Hearnsberger, the Deputy District Attorney, all gang cases have one thing in common and this is that no one is willing to appear in a courtroom to testify of anything because they fear that the gang who would then seel reprisal would mark them. These gangs have their working code that disallows anybody from testifying against any gang group in court. As per this town code, even the gangsters are not allowed to talk with the police or have any relationship whatsoever.The gang members are very perverse individ uals who are ready to suffer rather than cooperate with the police. They would rather go to jail than reveal their secrets. Many people have been victims of witnesses in courts and these gangs have killed almost of them. Some gang members live up to this code even if it means going to prison. They see that as a badge of honor, Hearnsberger said. What is kind of funny around the gang culture, as much as they completely disregard rules and laws, they will live up to their own. (Gonzalez R. 2008)As the president of the California Gang Investigators put it, people confide to the police on everything that they witnessed but when it comes to making a testimony against the gang members it becomes extremely hard. All people should wake up to the fact that gangs rarely attack law abiding citizens and this includes those who are willing to testify in courts on a particular case but this does not mean that they cannot be attacked. In accordance with the 6th amendment, the accused person is entitled to a speedy and public trial conducted by a jury in the place the cat was committed.The accused person must be told in no uncertain terms the reasons for the arrest and then be challenged by witnesses with their evidences or what they saw. The witnesses should be escorted by police officers in and out of the courtroom to prevent them from beingness attacked by the gangs, as this has been the case in the past. No body should be imprison if there is no enough evidence given up by the witnesses and the defendant should besides be allowed to call his/her witnesses and they should be compelled to testify if they refuse.If the accused persons are equal to(p) of representing themselves in court according to the 6th amendment, then they should be given that chance. The defendant is also given a chance to cross-examine the other witnesses who are against them so that the truth could be established. The witnesses from both sides should be protected to allay their fear of retribu tion. There is nothing that worries the witnesses more than to hear that their families would be attacked just because they tesfied in courts. According to Cmdr.Karpal, witnesses who refuse to testify in court even after they are provided with proper security they should be charged of court contempt like that woman who witnessed robbery and even identified the gang members but when the time for testifying came, she refused to turn up though she was assured of protection by the police. This woman when she was arrested gave an reading that contradicted the information that was recorded when she reported the case by saying that she could not identify the gang members.It was later established that this woman was an accomplice of one of the members that were standing on Rex road and this is why one of the reason that was given by the police for witnesses failure to testify was that some of them have criminal records though to others it is fear of retribution. (Gonzalez R. 2008) Witnesse s should also be fully convinced that they would be guaranteed security even if it means being relocated to another area. The Pasadena police is determined to ensure that witnesses are given the protection they deserve.The Pasadena police are also prepared to arrest those gang members who victimize and intimidate witnesses. If there arises a situation that the gang members are scare any witness, then the police would relocate the witness and protect them. For example, the woman who was tricked by the thugs was to be relocated after she reported that those thugs were threatening her. Her car was vandalized, she was being stared down and having stuff thrown at her. (Gonzalez R. 2008)If witnesses could be assured of maximum security, then the fight against gangs would be won, as the main stumbling block is that witnesses fear to testify for fear of reprisal by gang members though there are others who fear to testify because they have some criminal records. The police has come up with a new plan so that they could offer protection to all those that are willing to testify in courts. They also go for those gang members who intimidate witnesses from testifying against their case. Reference. Gonzalez R. eleventh March 2008. Witnesses Fear Retribution from Gang Members. Star News Pasadena, CA.

Social Networking Effects on Society Essay Example for Free

Social Networking Effects on Society EssayAre Social networking sites negatively stiring our society as a whole? Currently, both(prenominal) media sources are claiming affectionate networking sites manage Facebook having a negative effect on society. Social networking sites should be used to the minimum as possible, if it was not used as much the society could have a lot much free time, less blusterous, and unconstipated less social. Even though many businesses can say it is good for the society in a way where stack can get more information or even do business meetings on Skype, another networking site. This paper is going to give information about all things that can affect people in negative ways. Even though there are a few ways it can help, it can still be dangerous without the right precautions. In this example of a social networking site becoming dangerous for society, Jain R. Rishbabh, a writer for the Daily Iowan newspaper, Rishbabh finds iodine student at the University of Iowa who edit outd his Facebook account.It just seemed a little ironic to me that a social-networking site was essentially making our society less social. The student said he was annoyed at the fact he was wasting his time by going on these sites just to look at other peoples lives. Rishbabh found some information saying that people are spending less time on Facebook than usual. They are partying like it is 2006, said David Perlmutter, the director of the School of Journalism and hoi polloi Communication at the University of Iowa. He meant by this that people are less active on social networking sites like in 2006 when it wasnt as popular. chiefly he is stating that he believes that many people arent using social networking sites as much because they are beginning to realize that it is wasting their time, much like the student who deleted his Facebook account, and many people are just getting annoyed of its success. Rishbabh used ethos in a pretty effective way by quoting literal students and socially respectable people.He also used pathos, first by quoting a student who said he it was effecting his study time, and again by scaring you to delete the facebook if you want to do better in naturalise and social life. The logical appeal in which Jain Rishbabh used was that he brought up statistics from the magazine The inquisitor stating that in recent year facebook growth users has dropped from 89 percent all the way down to a mere five percent. There is another obligate that has been gave insight on how time is wasted on social networking site. Frazzled by Facebook? an article that was written by Sharon Thompson and Eric Loghead, who are authors for the College Student Journal. In it they talk about how almost 75% of teens and young adults are member of at least one social networking site(Thompson).The main argument is that using the internet conversation for longer than a person is suppose to be, may relate to social adjustment problems. T hey believe this is why because online communication is generally considered to be of poorer quality than opposite communication and that youth with social skill problems are often deawn to internet relationships. Thompson and Loghead created a adopt, which included several questions regarding internet and social networking usage, such as in the past week, how many minutes per day have you spent on the internet? (Thompson 4) and in the past week, how many times have you visited a social networking site?(Thompson 4).Results revealed that average people who were on thses sites were mainly college students around 19 years of age. Their social behavior was changed because of the enlarged amounts of time the students where on the networking sites. Then the survey testers were split into two different groups, first group was the testers who are users who donts spend a lot of time on a social networking site and the guerrilla group consisted of users who are on a site for mare than one hour per day. From these studies, it shows that Teens and young adults are spending more time that the Facebook Intensity home base had expected (FBI).Now it seems like determent is happening more than ever. Cyber bullying may play a big part in that, probably because of the large blow up in the social networking sites, and that most people on the sites are the ages between 16 and 21( ). Cyber bullying affects everyone from young children to even college students. Cyber bullying is specify as repeated harm inflicted through the use of computers, cell phones and other electronic devices, according to the Cyber bullying Research Center. Samantha Miller, an author who wrote an article about cyber bullying and its effect which featured in the American Observer, finds that the cyber bullying is more common than most expect it to be. She also finds out there are many types of this cyber bullying.She calls one an invisible tormentor which she gives an example where, a random girl, that was bullied and didnt even know about it, and she also did not even know who the person doing the bullying even was. Beyond the school house gates she talks about the laws against cyber bullying in 35 states the majority mainly prohibits the act on school grounds, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. Most of her article represents on how the children to young adults can get harmed mentally through some of these social networking sites, in this way it could be dangerous in a different way than most because bullying doesnt just hurt people physically exclusively mentally and it could eventually lead to suicide (ABC NEWS). other good argument about negative effects of social networking is an article written by Brian Feinstein. Called Another Venue for Problematic Interpersonal Behavior The Effects of Depressive and Anxious Symptoms on Social Networking Experiences.Three hundred and one participants completed an initial survey and a follow-up survey. Results sh owed that depressive, global anxiety and social anxiety symptoms were not much related with changes in time spent on social networking sites. In contrast, the people being depressed were generally related with increases in negative interactions and negative influence following interactions. Further, global and social anxiety symptoms were generally not significantly associated with changes in the quality of social networking interactions. These findings say that social networking activities are another way in which psychological problems manifest in dysfunctional interpersonal interactions. (Feinstein) Further, different types of psychological problems appear to differentially influence social networking experiences.

Sexual orientation prejudice and homophobic bullying

Sexual penchant prejudice and homophobic intimidateIn todays society, many homo knowledgeable individuals are dealing with harassment, brats, and violence on a daily basis. Homo internals are far more likely to be victims of a violent hate crime than any other minority chemical concourse in the United States, according to a new analysis of federal hate crime statistics (Southern Poverty Law Center, 2010). Research shows that almost two thirds of lesbian, man and bisexual teenageds learn homophobic browbeat in British schools (Equality and human being rights commission, 2007). Similarly, many homosexual teens in U.S. schools are often subjected to such intense bullying that they are unable to receive a satisfactory level of education (Chase, 2001), with 28% of gay students dropping out altogether (Bart, 1998).Homophobic bullying is currently an issue of epidemic proportions in society today, so much so that both the British Prime Minister David Cameron, the U.S. President Barack Obama, and many more politicians, activists and celebrities father recorded personal messages for the It gets better race, a project set up in September 2010 to inspire hope for gay youth facing harassment. This campaign came most as a response to the recent string of suicides among young homosexuals in the U.S.I feel that the design of an preventative to tackle the problem of sexual orientation prejudice and homophobic bullying is of the upmost importance to society, as the benefits to society from reducing homophobic bullying would far outweigh the woos of championship this intervention in schools. The harm from bullying and the toll it takes non only on young homosexual teens but also to society at jumbo is far greater than batch realize. I feel it is less likely that a youngster forget succeed in life and have the baron to fully contribute to society without an adequate level of education. Statistics show that anti-gay bullying truncates a childs academic abi lity to excel for example, 7 out of 10 pupils who experience homophobic bullying state this has an repair on their school work and also their attendance (Stonewall, 2007). And the cost, while initially about the child, is a greater cost to us as a society in the long run.However, perhaps the most significant cause of concern to society is the grave issue of suicides move by gay teens. In September 2010 alone, 5 young people, victims of homophobic bullying, committed suicide. One of these victims, 18-year-old Tyler Clementi, jumped off the George Washington Bridge in New York city after discovering classmates has posted videos of his sexual encounters on the internet. Another, thirteen-year-old Asher Brown, shot himself after severe harassment by fellow classmates. I feel that this snowball effect of teen suicides in the U.S. highlights the damaging effect of homophobic bullying to society, and I am proposing an intervention to prevent such occurrences from escalating.AimsThe aim of this intervention is to decrease the incidences of homophobic bullying behaviour in the mainstream school setting by changing attitudes towards homophobic bullying. In order to do this I would suggest educating pupils on issues around sexual orientation and also on the severe negative consequences of bullying. I would introduce weekly classes in the curriculum designed to focus on these particular issues for example, it could be taught in pastoral care classes, not only with the aim of educating the children and reducing the bullying, but also empowering pupils to report bullying. One recent study which has had major conquest with the introduction of a gay awareness class was tend Newington take aim in London. In one lesson, pupils were taught about significant gay historical figures who positively contributed to society, such as authors and playwrights James Baldwin and Oscar Wilde, artist Andy Warhol, and mathematician, computer science pioneer and war time code breaker A lan Turing. Elly Barnes, the teacher who runs the class in Stoke Newington School, stated that, four years on from when she initiated the scheme, homophobic bullying has been more or less eradicated in the school (Learner, 2010). I feel that this case is a positive and pioneering exemplar from which many schools could learn.DesignAs I feel a one-time lecture on homophobic bullying would have little impact on levels of bullying in the long-term, I am proposing a weekly class to be run in schools with the agenda of educating pupils on issues around sexual orientation and also on the severe negative consequences of bullying. I would introduce weekly classes in the curriculum designed to focus on these particular issues for example, it could be taught in pastoral care classes, not only with the aim of educating the children and reducing the bullying, but also empowering pupils to report bullying. I am proposing that the intervention take baffle at the school setting, as bullying so of ten stems from within the school environment, and the aim is to eradicate this at the grass roots.MethodsBefore starting the intervention I would measure the pupils attitudes towards homo sexual activity using an affective questionnaire and a cognitive questionnaire the Index of Homophobia (Hudson and Ricketts, 1980) and the Modified attitudes towards sexuality scale (Price, 1982), respectively. I would then ask students to involve out these questionnaires again at the end of the school year so as to measure whether attitudes have been improved following the intervention.I would use a direct approach to overcome the sexual orientation prejudice by including a weekly pastoral care class into the schools curriculum in which educators would leaven diversity in multicultural societies, group equality, and teach pupils about the history of the Gay Rights Movement. I would also aim to get the pupils involved by having group discussions and role-plays to increase empathy for outgroups, and by bringing in gay guest speakers in order to improve understanding and attitudes, and to correct some misguided stereotypes and faulty generalisations that heterosexual pupils may hold against their homosexual classmates. I would also hope that having the chance to meet a positive role model from the gay community who does not conform to the negative stereotypes would nominate dissonance-induced attitude change. I would attempt to change the well-disposed norms of the school environment, by introducing a zero tolerance policy in the school, which states that no-one shall be discriminated against for their religion, race, disability, or sexual orientation, and educate the teachers so that they also essential follow this policy.Also, I would set aside a class to talk about the issue of derogatory phrases and how they could make gay students feel, as a recent study showed that 97% of gay pupils hear offensive phrases such as dyke, bender or poof used in school and 98% of gay pupils hear the phrases thats so gay when people are referring to something they feel is rubbish or stupid (Stonewall, 2007). The intention would be to create perspective-taking (i.e. How would you feel if you were gay and heard those derogatory phrases?) and instil empathy for the outgroup.One theoretical framework which supports this is the Intergroup Contact Theory (Allport, 1954). Allport proposed that intergroup match between two groups should reduce prejudice as long as the following were present common group goals, equal status, intergroup co-operation and support of authorities. Therefore in the intervention, I would set tasks which both groups would have to work on to achieve a superordinate goal, I would structure the task so as the groups must rely upon each other in order to achieve this superordinate goal, and I would make sure that equality of all sexual orientations is promoted. The school itself and its educators would live as the authority which supports both grou ps. I feel that this would work in either a real situation (whereby gay individuals have disclosed their sexuality to their classmates and feel confident to be categorized as homosexual) or in an imagined situation (for example, a role-play, as many pupils who are gay may not wish to disclose this information, nor would we force them to do so). I believe that the latter may well occur as in order to avoid social stigma many gay young people hide their sexuality. Therefore, in this instance I would use the theoretical framework of Imagined Intergroup Contact (Crisp Turner, 2009). This theory suggests that just now getting participants to conjure up a mental simulation of a positive intergroup encounter leads to improved attitudes towards the outgroup.I would also use indirect approaches to reduce prejudice by educating pupils on moral reasoning, promote egalitarianism within the school setting, and promote respect, understanding and tolerance of others no matter what their backgrou nd is. I would also incorporate modern media into the school environment, such as using examples from music, film and TV programs to teach pupils about other cultures and groups. This is supported by the Parasocial wholesaler hypothesis theory (Schiappa, Gregg and Hewes, 2005), which states that the illusion of face-to-face touch sensation with interaction can change prejudices, as people process mass media relationships in the same trend as they process real-life interpersonal interactions. Schiappa, Gregg and Hewes (2005) found that parasocial contact reduced prejudice toward the outgroup.Although the intergroup contact theory can be used for many groups such as opposing ethnic minority groups, opposing religious groups, opposing sports teams and so on, research has shown that the theory has been particularly successful in reducing prejudice toward homosexuals. Applying the intergroup contact theory to sexual orientation groups, Herek (1987) found that heterosexuals who had exp erience of pleasant interactions with a homosexual tend to accept the homosexual community in general. It was also shown that increase contact with a homosexual was a better predictor of changed attitudes than any other factor, including gender, race, socioeconomic background and so on (Herek and Glunt, 1993).I would also create a classroom discussion about why certain individuals may feel threatened by homosexuals, and address the issues as to why this symbolic threat may come about, such as perceiving that your ingroups moral values and religious beliefs are different from the outgroups. I would increase perceptions of similarity between hetersexuals and homosexuals by play up examples of gay individuals who are good role models, religious, and so on, to show that they are not so different from straight people.One issue we must call back about when introducing such curriculum into the school setting is whether parents will approve. I would propose sending letters home to parents detailing the intentions behind the sexual orientation awareness class and highlighting the need to reduce bullying within the school. However, I would ensure that children could withdraw from the class if they strongly wish to do so as some of the pupils families or religious/cultural communities may be homophobic and may disapprove of their participation, and we would not want the pupils to suffer negatively from attend this class, for example, to become ostracised from their community. Therefore we would strongly encourage students to take part, but would not force it upon them. However, the teacher who pioneered the gay awareness class in the Stoke Newington School in London, Elly Barnes, stated that she has only ever received a few complaints A parent complained after her son told her he had seen a film at the school that showed two men kissing. I told her we are an inclusive school and it is part of the curriculum(Learner, 2010).In conclusion, I propose that a school-based intervention is essential to reduce sexual orientation prejudice and homophobic bullying amongst teens in schools. I would hope that a curriculum which promotes diversity, understanding, acceptance and equality will go a long way in reducing homophobic bullying and equally, I am optimistic that the introduction of an anti-discrimination policy which all students and teachers must follow will help protect the students.ResourcesAllport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA Perseus BooksBart, M. (1998). Creating a safer school for gay students. Counseling Today.Chase, A. (2001). Violent Reaction What do Teen Killers have in harsh? In these Times.Crisp Turner (2009). Can Imagined Interactions Produce Positive Perceptions? Reducing Prejudice Through Simulated Social Contact. American Psychologist, Vol 64, Issue 4, pg.231-240.Herek, G. M. (1987) The instrumentality of attitudes Toward a neofunctional theory. Journal of Social Issues, 42, 99-114.Herek, G. M., Glunt, E. K . (1993). Interpersonal contact and heterosexuals attitudes toward gay men Results from a national survey. Journal of Sex Research, 30, 239-244.Hudson, W.W. Ricketts, W.A. (1980). A strategy for the measurement of homophobia. Journal of homosexuality, 5, 357-372.Learner, S. making homophobia history. In The Guardian, p5 of the EducationGuardian section, October 26th 2010 issue.Price, J. H. (1982). High school students attitudes toward homosexuality. Journal of School Health 52 469-474.Schiappa, E., Gregg, P., Hewes, D. (2005) The Parasocial Contact Hypothesis. Communication Monographs, 72, 92-115The School Report The experiences of young gay people in Britains schools. (2007) Stonewall.Under attack (2010) The Intelligence Report, Southern Poverty Law centre, Issue 40.Valentine, G. Wood, N. (2010) The experiences of lesbian, gay and bisexual staff and students in higher education. Equality and Human rights commission, research summary 39.