Analysis Of The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment - 1309 Words

Introduction: The blight on human history known as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study was on all counts an immoral and unethical research study. Public Health Services were the ones conducting the experiment, which went on for years (from 1932 to 1972) and throughout the entire thing human beings were used as laboratory animals (The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, 2000). Unfortunately, this study was conducted when racism was still common, meaning that the human â€Å"lab rats† were poor black men, because they were seen as lesser beings. These men were lied to in order to ensure their cooperation with the study. The lies told to them included the omission of what was actually wrong with them, instead of telling the victims that they had syphilis it†¦show more content†¦Caring for individuals is simply having concern for the other person’s well-being and understanding the needs of the other person, such as being conscious of their welfare (Blum, 2001). This was glaringl y absent during this time, considering how many people died because of this experiment. Another principle violated during those forty years was beneficence, which is an obligation to help others or to do good. It could be argued that this study was conducted in order to do good, at least for white people if they learned more about syphilis, but beneficence actually signifies producing good, not just some good (Kohl, 2001). Another strong clue that what happened in Tuskegee was unethical was that it did not follow the framework for research provided in the Belmont Report, where two major pieces included of which are justice and a respect for persons (Miracle, 2016). The racist outlook of the researchers which deemed this study acceptable since black men were considered lesser people entirely vetoed any respect for persons involved as well as any justice for those individuals automatically. Eunice Rivers was an African American woman who won the trust of all the men in the experiment and reassured them in times of doubt. Although she did sincerely care for them, Eunice blindly followed orders and refused to acknowledge the unethical and immoral treatments that happened around her (The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, 2000). Her justification of herShow MoreRelatedBad Blood: the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Essays1709 Words   |  7 PagesANALYSIS OF THE BOOK BAD BLOOD: THE TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS EXPERIMENT Dr. Bradley Moody PUAD 6010 By 22 November 2004 Introduction The book BAD BLOOD: THE TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS EXPERIMENT by James H. Jones was a very powerful compilation of years of astounding research, numerous interviews, and some very interesting positions on the ethical and moral issues associated with the study of human beings under the Public Health Service (PHS). The Tuskegee study had nothing to do with treatmentRead MoreBad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Essay2436 Words   |  10 Pagessurrounding Tuskegee, Macon County, Alabama, the United States Public Health Service (PHS) and the Rosenwald Foundation began a survey and small treatment program for African-Americans with syphilis. Within a few months, the deepening depression, the lack of funds from the foundation, and the large number of untreated cases provided the government’s researchers with what seemed to be an unprecedented opportunity to study a seemingly almost â€Å"natural† experimentation of latent syphilis in African-AmericanRead MoreTuskegee Experime nt2455 Words   |  10 PagesThe Tuskegee Experiment In 1932, in the area surrounding Tuskegee, Macon County, Alabama, the United States Public Health Service (PHS) and the Rosenwald Foundation began a survey and small treatment program for African-Americans with syphilis. Within a few months, the deepening depression, the lack of funds from the foundation, and the large number of untreated cases provied the government’s reseachers with what seemed to be an unprecedented opportunity to study a seemingly almostRead MoreThe United States Of America Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery was about â€Å"stolen bodies working stolen land. It was an engine that did not stop, its hungry boiler fed with blood.† (Whitehead 117) Practices during slavery which include but not limited to forced sterilization, phrenology, and various experiments are the underpinnings that are the likely consequences of African American distrust in the health care system. In an attempt to highlight white pseudoscience, Colson Whitehead successfully develops and shows the causal relationship that caused theRead MoreUnethical Government Human Experiments : Unethical1833 Words   |  8 PagesUnethical Government Human Experiments Many people are unaware of the vile human experiments the United States government has condoned. Innocent men and women, became victims of these experiments without their consent or knowledge. These people were soldiers, husbands, wives, mothers, and fathers, who were maltreated and even murdered. It is vital for not only citizens of the United States of America to be aware of how their government tortured its own citizens, but also people around the world fromRead MoreEthical Principles Of The Tuskegee Syphilis1919 Words   |  8 Pages Ethical principles Ethical principles such as respect for persons, beneficence, and justice are three principles that every healthcare professional should base their practice on. During the Tuskegee syphilis study these three principles were absent throughout the entire 40 years. According to the Belmont report, the definition of respect for persons states, â€Å"To show lack of respect for an autonomous agent is to repudiate that person s considered judgments, to deny an individual the freedom to actRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Clinical Trials1584 Words   |  7 PagesFurthermore, the ethics of the clinical trials were violated on several occasions in last few decades. Nazi experiments with World War II initiated the world leaders to implement a code of conduct that protects the autonomy of the clinical trial subjects. Therefore, the Nuremberg Code was initiated in the year of 1949. However, this Code failed to protect the human subjects in clinical trials. Tuskegee syphilis trial was one of the few i ncidents that were exposed in front of the entire country. The regulatoryRead MoreThe Ethics Of Using Data Obtained1904 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch, the Tuskegee syphilis experiment and Charcot’s experiments were ethical. Those experiments all crossed the asymptote of ethical conduct. Nobody would disagree with that. But the studies have already been completed. And although they are never to be repeated or replicated, we have a moral obligation to use the data that already exist, for good; never forgetting how they were obtained. Its purpose is to be used responsibly and we owe it to those who died during the experiments and to thoseRead MoreAdvancements in Medical Research Due to Hela Cells1458 Words   |  6 Pagesmessy, than using monkeys. Moreover, HeLa cells grew virtually anywhere and on any surface, including while floating on liquid. A HeLa mass production and distribution center was therefore established at the Tuskegee Institute, ironically at exactly the same t ime that the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study on black subjects was being carried out. Soon HeLa cells were to enable the first disaggregation of chromosomes, numerous discoveries from genetic and viral studies, and the first-ever cloning of a cellRead MoreFilm Analysis : The Problem Of Administrative Evil Dirty Hands3391 Words   |  14 PagesFilm Analysis – The Problem of Administrative Evil Dirty Hands I’ll lie when I must, and I have contempt for no one. I wasn’t the one who invented lying. It grew out of a society divided into classes, and each one of us has inherited it form birth. We shall not abolish lying by refusing to tell lies, but by using every mean at hand to abolish classes. (as cited in Bok ,1999, p 165-166). What are dirty hands? The concept of dirty hands in politics is a widely believed view that those in politics

Ethnicity, Culture And Identity - 1362 Words

Ethnicity, culture and identity are all anthropological topics that effect everyone in the world on a regular and constant basis. These matters are continually being discussed, analysed and debated within our society, issues arise from these matters and anthropologists are strive to understand the changes happening around us. The definitions of each of these words are controversial as everyone interprets them differently. Ethnicity refers to ‘The fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition’, culture refers to the patterns of social organisations, economy, and beliefs that are learned and shared by members of a social group.’ and identity is a person s conception and expression of their own and others individuality or group affiliations. However, these definitions are often confused and even merged into one. Culture is something that doesn t not have a specific definition, however we see it around us in many different forms. Culture is traditional knowledge that that is passed down through generations, however ‘culture is flexible and fluid’ but is generally quite stable (Podolefsky, Brown and Lacy, 2012). From war and violence to fashion and appearance, culture shows us the many different and beautiful ways of life around the world. Angela Vandenbroek has said that; ‘Culture has come most often to be a heuristic term used to help anthropologists discuss the symbols, meanings, institutions, systems and behaviours ofShow MoreRelatedBecoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, And Identity1553 Words   |  7 PagesBecoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945 The immigration story of the United States includes groups of individuals from many different countries, one such group was that of the U.S.’s southern neighbor Mexico. In the book, Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945, George J. Sà ¡nchez writes about the Mexican immigrants’ experience migrating to California and settling there, particularly in theRead MoreA Number Of Literatures That Discusses Important Concepts And Themes Of The Research Project914 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch project. The research project demonstrates the concept of ethnicity and ethnicity in Nigeria. It explores the features of pluralistic democratic state, analysing definition of democracy; construction of pluralism and understanding of pluralistic democracy in Nigeria. Furthermore, it examines the comprehension of identity conflict; construction of national identity and the dynamics of identity conflict. 2.2 Concept of Ethnicity Ethnicity has its origin and has been used variously in addressing andRead MoreThe Choice: Ethnic Identity1020 Words   |  5 Pagespublic school, lives within an entirely American culture, and embraces it. He is aware that he comes from a different familial background and is of a different nationality than his parents, but he has made the choice to identify himself with the ethnicity that he has grown to love. He believes that his ethnic identity entirely up to him. A Thai boy choosing the ethnicity of an American child as his own goes against the widespread belief that ethnicity is in our DNA, and there is nothing wrong withRead MoreWhat Does Ethnicity Affect A Person s Identity?1735 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United State, people are often defined by their ethnicity and background rather than their characteristics. It is often difficult to look past a person’s ethnicity because many people make these assumptions in their head before even knowing the person. This issue leads to the question to what extent ethnicity affects a person’s identity in the United States. I believe that ethnic background plays a big role in determining a person’s identity in the United States, these assumptions create phenomenonRead MoreCultural Identity In Unashamed By Lecrae741 Words   |  3 PagesLit Review Essay Cultural identity is the foundation in which identification is used to express his or her role in society. The distinction of cultural identity among a society affects a person’s role by pertaining to art and literature, as well as social organization element of culture. These examples of culture, refer to people all around the world. In the Story, Left behind, a native American student attending school is judged based on his ethnicity. In Unashamed by Lecrae, Lecrae uses musicRead MoreEssay On Ethnicity And Multiculturalism1359 Words   |  6 Pagesrather than following another’s. Ethnicity on the other hand has a solid definition. From the Oxford Concise Dictionary of Sociology, â€Å"Ethnicity defines individuals who consider themselves, or are considered by others, to share common characteristics which differentiate them from the other collectives in a society within which they develop distinct cultural behavior.† (Marshall, 1994) Ethnicity in a sense is the idea and understanding of one’s self. So how does ethnicity and multiculturalism relate toRead MoreThe Changing Literature And Identities Of Third World Culture Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe changing literature and identities of third world culture due to American colonization is shown throughout the collected literature in Rotten English edited by Dohra Ahmad. Through the use of vernacular English, the passages express the unique signatures of different cultures by showing the way the words are said through everyday communication rather than how they are meant to be written in proper English as well as the cultural identities faced by third world cultures. Decades of forced standardRead More The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fist Fight In Heaven Essay665 Words   |  3 PagesDefining exactly what shapes ethnic identity in the United States is the hardest question I can imagine being asked. As a child born in the United States, I find this question so difficult because I hav e been exposed to a large variety of cultures within the small boundaries of my own family. This makes it very difficult to determine one, or even a few characteristics that define ethnic identity. In the case of many of these novels, the task of defining ethnic identity is not so complicated. The listRead MoreThe Poston Biracial Identity Development Model1742 Words   |  7 PagesPersonally I feel that I identify myself within the Poston Biracial Identity Development Model. This model is focused for individuals that identify with multiple racial or ethnic groups. The stages of this model are the personal identity stage, choice of group categorization stage, enmeshment/denial stage, appreciation stage, and the integration stage. The personal identity stage is when an individual is independent of race or ethnicity. When I was in elementary school probably around 5 or 6 years oldRead MoreHawaii And The Mixing Of Peoples By Steve Olson Essay1108 Words   |  5 Pagestelling one fr om another and one way we use is using culture. The difference between other culture is it ideas and moral values. Culture plays an important role in many people lives. Although being part of a multi-cultural society helps understands one’s self and it also helps understand one another cultural view of our world. Many people identity are also created by our belief. My ethnicity isn’t the only thing that defines who I am. It’s also my culture, my environment and my personality who define me

Business Society and Planets for Investment - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Society and Planets for Investment Capital. Answer: Introduction: Capital is a part of the basic factors of production along with other factor like labor. It is one of the accumulated assets of any business organization that is being used to generate other assets or business incomes. The word capital includes any kind of goods that is being created by human being and can be used for producing goods and services. Capital includes physical assets like production and plants and financial assets like investment capital or investment portfolio. There are types of capital as well such as knowledge, skills, abilities and others. I have provided a detailed study of the said topic in this assignment. Various forms of the capital is being mentioned here by me and their uses and sources of generation are also included. Business Capitals: I understand that business capital means the financial assets, which are an essential need for business and for the production of goods and services. It is the base of a business, for the reason of maintaining its operations. However, capital doesnt signify financial capital every time. Other forms of capital are like Human capital, Natural capital, Financial capital, Manufactured capital, Intellectual capital and Social and Relational capital. I am explaining the forms of capital below: Human capital: Most of the technologically advanced companies of the world depends on human capital. Labors or employees are, in any case, the most important and integrated asset of business houses which also provides with opportunities (Prpi? et al., 2015). There are costs incurred in employee turnovers, re-trainings and appointments of new employees .Further, there exists damage to the productivity of a company that is being caused by such turnovers and the damages are well documented. Introducing the use of knowledge management and control of employees intellectual power are the next logical steps regarding human capital management (Dees, 2017). Employee productivity can be increased through increased cross training sessions, employee certifications and knowledge enhancement and also work stability can be quantified as a measure of increased productivity and efficiency. Natural capital: Natural capital can be said as an asset for mining industry or extractive industry such as oil refinery. However, with an in depth analysis, it can be said that the asset class is useful for any kind of industry which links natural capital to another important aspect that is sustainability (Dyllick Muff, 2016). Financial: It is the most familiar and popularly known capital form (Hair et al., 2015). However, finance professional can expand their idea of implication of regulatory changes like BASEL III and also changes in lease accounting process for example changes in analysis and interpretation of market data, the tools used to perform such activities and thus, providing number of opportunities for professional growth. Manufactured capital: The assets include physical distribution network and products and services of the company and the way through which these goods and services are being delivered to the customers. It is often implicit in managerial decision making process and financial analysis process that the said capital is an important part of managerial success. In additional to the internal uses of these assets, proper analysis of the cost of such capital and investment return is critical for any organization (Serrat, 2017). Intellectual capital: Intellectual capital refers to the intangible assets which include trademarks, patents and brand equities and these are measured in terms of tens of dollars. There has been much debate regarding the importance and worth of this kind of assets. Leveraging this kind of assets through licensing and agreements, brand extensions, line extensions and agreements provides the organization with an opportunity to increase its value (Adams, 2015). In addition to this, the ideas and the capitals developed by intellectual capital and other intangible assets helps decision makers to gain valuable insight regarding existing operation of the company the future projects. Social and relational capital: As in the cases of organizations, as like brand equities constitutes an increasing part of the total assets, a good rapport or a productive relationship with stake holders has continued to grow in importance exponentially (Cohen Kietzmann, 2014). Social media has taken the world by storm since the introduction of social networking status like face book, twitter and LinkedIn. This has emerged to be a social capital as being the connecting media with anyone and everyone. A less talked about angle regarding social assets is the development and nurturing of relationships with universities, with the think tanks, and the other sources of intellectual capitals (Anheier, 2014). Boeing, Microsoft and other organizations are among the important members who are in the process of building such relational ships and growing power pipelines. Conclusion: I can conclude here that apart from the monitory side, there are other forms of capitals as well. The others forms are like human capital, social capital, nature capital, intellectual capital, manufactured capital, financial capital and other forms. The social capital include the social media platforms and a good rapport with the stake holders, intellectual capital include hiring intellectual people who will be able to deal with critical situations intellectually. The manufactured capital include good and services that is being manufactured by the company. Financial capital implies the financial source of a company and the human capitals refers to the stakeholder of company people or employees. They can be generated as well through various sources and used in various sources efficiently. They have manifold uses. Reflection: I have understood from the whole discussion that there are various forms of capital and there are diversified uses of each of the asset forms. The forms and the uses can be described here. The human capital asset can be used in each and every layer of an organization. Starting from the intellectual labor to factory labor, technologies are never completely successful in replacing human labor. Human capital can be used in managerial decisions, in product making process, delivery of products and in organizational behavior. The Natural Capital is related to sustainability. Sustainability implies the construction of nature friendly buildings and searching for alternative energy facilities and the use of such practices into organizational supply chain can make an advantage for the organization, which provides the business and financial professional with new brainstorming paths. Therefore, I can predict that the asset can be used to create sustainability. The sector needs some investment an d evaluation of this investment return is a crucial management decision. Financial capital can be used in investment for new projects and to invite new projects for any organization. Analysis and interpretation of market data is an area of investment as well for gaining important business insights. They can also be used in maintenances purposes that is factory maintenance, office facility maintenance and in employee reward and recognition that helps in motivating the employees. Again, manufactured capital can be used for efficient delivery of products and services. The source can also be used for importing raw material more efficiently. Intellectual asset can be used in increasing market values, shares values and making proper investment plans and for managerial decisions. This is the base of any organization and business. Lastly, I can say that building a rapport with the targeted customers is a business need for their awareness of business products and this can make them purchase. Again, maintaining a relationship with the stake holders can make the organization work easily. These areas can be catered through social media and regular meetings. Maintaining a good relationship with think tanks is also an important use of it. References: Adams, C. A. (2015). The international integrated reporting council: a call to action.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,27, 23-28. Anheier, H. K. (2014).Nonprofit organizations: Theory, management, policy. Routledge. Cohen, B., Kietzmann, J. (2014). Ride on! Mobility business models for the sharing economy.Organization Environment,27(3), 279-296. Dees, J. G. (2017). 1 The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship. InCase Studies in Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainability(pp. 34-42). Routledge. Dyllick, T., Muff, K. (2016). Clarifying the meaning of sustainable business: Introducing a typology from business-as-usual to true business sustainability.Organization Environment,29(2), 156-174. Hair Jr, J. F., Wolfinbarger, M., Money, A. H., Samouel, P., Page, M. J. (2015).Essentials of business research methods. Routledge. Prpi?, J., Shukla, P. P., Kietzmann, J. H., McCarthy, I. P. (2015). How to work a crowd: Developing crowd capital through crowdsourcing.Business Horizons,58(1), 77-85. Serrat, O. (2017). Social network analysis. InKnowledge solutions(pp. 39-43). Springer, Singapore.

Sexual Harrassment Essays - Workplace Bullying, Business Ethics

Sexual Harrassment Sexual Harassment in the Work Place I. Definition Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission to or rejection of this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individuals employment, unreasonably interferes with an individuals work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment. Sexual harassment can occur in a variety of circumstances, including but not limited to the following: ? The victim as well as the harasser may be a woman or a man. The victim does not have to be of the opposite sex. In Oncale v. Sundowner, the US Supreme Court decided just this month unanimously ruling that same sex complaints are covered by the law. ? The harasser can be the victims supervisor, an agent of the employer, a supervisor in another area, a co-worker, or a non-employee. ? The victim does not have to be the person harassed but could be anyone affected by the offensive conduct. ? Unlawful sexual harassment may occur without economic injury to or discharge of the victim. ? The harassers conduct must be unwelcome. It is becoming increasingly rare to find the traditional quid pro quo claim of sexual harassment. The current trend is that of a hostile work environment which can be much more difficult for the employer to address. The EEOC considers the following factors in determining whether or not an environment is sexually hostile: ? Whether the conduct was verbal or physical or both ? How frequently it was repeated ? Whether the conduct was hostile or patently offensive ? Whether the alleged harasser was a co-worker or supervisor ? Whether others joined in perpetrating the harassment, and ? whether the harassment was directed at more than one individual. No one factor controls but an assessment is made based upon the totality of circumstances. II. Regarding Employees It is helpful for the victim to directly inform the harasser that the conduct is unwelcome and must stop. However, a victim of harassment need not always confront his/her harasser directly, so long as his/her conduct demonstrates that the harassers behavior is unwelcome. The victim should use any employer complaint mechanism or grievance system available and, if that fails, contact the EEOC which makes a determination on a case-by-case basis. III. Regarding Employers Prevention is the best tool to eliminate sexual harassment in the workplace. Employers should take all steps necessary to prevent sexual harassment from occurring. An effective prevention program should include an explicit policy against sexual harassment that is clearly posted for the employees to read and be included in any in-service training programs. I heard on the news last week that a company was being sued even though they had a sexual harassment policy. The complainant didnt feel that the company did enough to assert the policy. The employer should also have a procedure for resolving sexual harassment complaints. This procedure should encourage victims to come forward and should not require the victim to complain first to the offending supervisor, if that is the case. This procedure should ensure confidentiality as much as possible and provide effective remedies as well as protection from retaliation. IV. Discussion I would like to share a couple of statistics that Dr. Chwialkowski gave out in my other Public Administration class last week. He found a survey that asked women how many of them had slept with their bosses. Nineteen percent responded that they had. Of those, sixty percent said it furthered their careers. The following is a scenario Dr. Chwialkowski gave out. I would like for the class to input your opinions as to whether or not sexual harassment occurred. Michael is a supervisor who works for the Bowling Green office of the Environmental Protection Agency. Young and athletic, Michael has had more than his share of affairs with young women, but has never been married. He has always had a good relationship with the young women in the office, and often plays tennis and golf with some of them on Saturdays. They frequently tease him about the suggestive calendars and pin-ups that he has hanging in his office, especially of Demi Moore, who is Michaels favorite Hollywood actress. This teasing increased